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Cross-Entropy, KL Divergence & Arithmetic Coding in Machine Learning

Mathematician & Educator

33:51·2026·undergraduate level·Standalone Lecture

Explains why every LLM minimizes cross-entropy loss: measuring the exact bit-rate penalty D_KL(P || Q) incurred when compressing true distribution P using predicted distribution Q.

Where the loss function for training LLMs comes from.

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