This study path traces the development of religious and mythological traditions from their ancient Near Eastern roots to the emergence of early Christianity. It progresses from foundational textual analysis and contextualization to the intricate interplay of pagan and monotheistic beliefs, culminating in the transformation of religious identity within the Graeco-Roman world.

This lecture provides a foundational understanding of the Hebrew Bible's structure, essential for contextualizing subsequent discussions on ancient Israelite religion and its broader mythological landscape.
Building on the textual foundation, this lecture situates Israelite religion within the Ancient Near East, critically comparing its monotheistic claims with surrounding pagan polytheism, thus establishing a comparative framework.
Transitioning from monotheistic contexts, this lecture introduces the complex evolution of a Celtic goddess into a Christian saint, illustrating the syncretic processes central to comparative mythology and religious history.
Following the exploration of syncretism, this lecture delves into the multifaceted interpretations of another prominent Celtic mythological figure, further demonstrating the dynamic and often contradictory nature of religious narratives.
This lecture shifts focus to the Christianization of the Roman Empire, examining the political and theological disputes that shaped early Christian identity and its interaction with existing pagan traditions.
Finally, this lecture explores the diverse expressions of ancient Jewish identity within the Graeco-Roman world, providing crucial context for understanding the foundational developments of early Christianity amidst a pluralistic religious environment.
By Christine Hayes
Written directly by Christine Hayes as the companion volume to her Yale RLST 145 Hebrew Bible course.
By Paula Fredriksen
Gifford Lecturer Paula Fredriksen's reconstruction of the earliest Jerusalem community within Second Temple Jewish apocalypticism.